SF6 gas handling explained: recovery cart blank-off pressure targets, the IEC 60480 moisture and purity limits that decide whether reclaimed gas can be reused, and what EPA Subpart DD requires substation owners to weigh, track, and report each year.
Transformer oil testing explained: what DGA, dielectric breakdown, moisture, acid number, interfacial tension, and furan analysis each reveal, how often to sample under NETA MTS-2023, and how to turn oil data into repair or replace decisions.
How partial discharge testing works: TEV, UHF, HFCT, and acoustic methods, plus when to test.
Substation infrared thermography explained: how a longwave IR camera finds hot connections on energized equipment, how NETA Table 100.18 grades delta-T findings, and what NFPA 70B 2023 now requires for annual inspections.